IP Address Categories and Address Masks

IP Address Categories and Address Masks

by Litzy F. Lyerla

IP Addressing

The IP address is actually a exceptional logical identifier for any node or host connection with the IP network. IP address is often a Thirty-two bit binary number, and showed by simply Four decimal values of 8 bits each. The decimal values range from Zero to 255. Known as "dotted decimal" notation.

Illustration: 192.189.210.078 Frequently it's beneficial to look at the values in their binary form.

Dotted decimal illustration: 192 .189 .210 .078

Binary representation: 11000000.10111101.11010010.1001110

Each and every IP address consists of network identifier and node identifier. The IP network is divided based on Type of network. The type of network depends upon the leading bits of the IP address as shown down below.

Address Classes You'll find 5 different address classes. You can decide which class any IP address is in by simply examining the first 4 bits of the IP address.

Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.

Class B addresses start with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.

Type C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.

Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.

Class E addresses start with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.

Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and then for internal testing on the local machine. Type D addresses are available to multicasting. Type E addresses are available to future use. They should not be used for host addresses.

Right now we're able to see how the Type establishes, by default, which portion of the IP address is among the network (N) and which usually part belongs to the Host/node (H).

Type A: NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Type B: NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Class C: NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH

In the illustration, 192.189.210.078 may be a Type C address so automatically the Network portion of the address (also known as the Network Address) is determined with the first three octets (192.189.210.XXX) and the node part is determined with the last one octets (XXX.XXX.XXX.078).

For you to identify the network address for any given IP address, the node section is set to all "0"s. In this example, 192.189.210.0 identifies the network address for 192.189.210.078. If the node section is set to all "1"s, it describes a broadcast which is sent to most hosts within the network. 192.189.210.255 describes the broadcast address.

Private Subnets

There are 3 IP network addresses reserved for non-public networks. The addresses are usually 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. They are often employed by anyone setting up internal IP networks, like an intranet. Internet routers never forward the private addresses on the public Internet.

For more details, I urge you to check this out: <a href="http://my-ip-address.com">my ip address</a>.

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